Photomicrographical apparatus.



F. N. MERWIN. PHOTOMIGROGRAPHIGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1907.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

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P. N. MER WIN. PHOTOMIGROGRAPHIGAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1907.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

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F. N. MBRWIN'. I PHOTOMIGROGRAPHIOAL APPARATUS.

APPLIOATIOH FILED SEPT. 9., 190-7.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908. s SHEETS-SHEET 3. 4 '6' 6'2 8 1 a: 7 1

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FRANK N. MERWIN, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHICAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 29, 1908.

Application filed September 9, 1907. Serial No. 391,994.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK N. MnuwlN, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson and State ofMissouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPhotomicrographical Apparatus; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, suchas will enable others to make and use the same, reference being had tothe accompany ing drawings, forming a part of this specifi cation.

The primary object of the invention is to obtain stereoscopic picturesof microscopic objects, and secondly, to obtain micro-stereoscopicenlargements under different powers of the object.

In the taking of pictures by means of the ordinary camera,stereoscopically, two views are taken of the same object and each from adifferent position or angle, and in this procedure the camera is movedcorrespondingly from one position to another, and with repeatedexposures, two pictures are taken of the same object and when theprinted pictures are mounted side by side and viewed by means of thewell-known stereoscope, they are merged into one picture and appear inrelief or life-like.

The details of construction and combination of parts of the apparatuswill be first fully described and then specifically pointed out in theclaims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is an isometric view of an oscillatory camerastand and photographic apparatus showing the invention for obtainingmicro -stereoscopic pictures, showing a compound microscope. Fig. 2 is asimilar view to that seen in Fig. 1, showing a photographic apparatusprovided with a high power lens. Fig. 3 is a detail plan view enlargedof the movable object supporting rotary stage upon the camera stand,showing the adjustments of the stage and object holder in dotted lines.Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the rotary stage and its supporttaken upon the line m, as on Fig. 3, showing a portion of the hollowstandard on the sliding frame. Fig. 5 is a front view in detail of theobject holder showing the stage and its support in vertical sectiontaken upon the line y, y on Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a detail broken view ofthe lower portion of the specimen holder in perspective, showing theSliding supports.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures of the drawings.

Referring to the drawings: 10 indicates a supporting base or standardfor a photographic apparatus which consists of a longitudinally extendedplate or board or bed 12 of the requisite width. Upon the upper surfaceof the board or base 12 are parallel guide strips 14, arranged a shortdistance inwardly from the longitudinal outer surfaces of the board orbed 12. These strips are grooved at 15, longitudinally upon their innersurfaces, and are of the same length as the bed 12, which bed is inexcess of the length required for the extension of the folding darkchamber of the camera. The bed 12 is hinged at a point equi-distant fromits ends to an upright or standard 13 by means of the hinge 13 so as tobe adjusted from a horizontal to a vertical position when necessary, aportion of the curved rack being shown at 12 connected with the underpor tion and at one end of the bed 12, sufficient to illustrate thewell-known means of adj ustment in camera stands.

16 indicates an ordinary photographic camera, the rear end of thefolding dark chamber 16 of which is supported by the standards 17,mounted upon the transverse adjusting plate 18, secured to the uppersurface of a sliding plate 19, which latter plate moves in the grooves15, of the parallel grooved guide strips 14, and is provided with anoperating handle 20. The forward end of the dark chamber 16 is supportedby the standards 21, mounted upon a transverse plate 22, which plate ismovable in the grooves of the parallel grooved guide strips 14, andlaterally adjustable between the grooved strips 22 24 indicates the lensholder or plate on the focusing folding end of the dark chamber l6 ofthe camera provided with a photographic lens and shutter (not shown) thelatter being operated by the compressible air holding bulb 26 and tube27 in the ordinary and well known manner.

28 indicates the grooved plates for the sensitized plate holder, on therear end of the dark chamber 16 29 indicates the clamping rod for theupper ends of the standards 21, for supporting the forward end of thedark chamber from movement.

30 indicates a microscope, the one shown in the drawing being known as acompoundmicroscope in which the lenses are supported within a tube 31 ofthe proper length and provided with an adjustable telescopic end portion32, which is arranged close in position to the lens holding plate 24, ahood 35 being connected with the lens holding plate and the ocular ortelescopic end of the microscope, the fitting of these parts being suchas to prevent beams of light entering the dark chamber at the point ofconnection of the said parts. -Upon one side of the outer tube 31, is anextension or handle 34, and connected with the said plate is adownwardly extended plate 35 formed in the segment of a circle. Thelatter plate 35 is connected adjustably to the upper end of a verticaladjusting rod, 36, by means of an adjusting screw, 37. The lower end ofsaid rod 36 is mounted on a vertical supporting socket 38, and heldvertically adjustable within said socket by means of an adjusting screw39. The socket 39 is mounted upon-a transverse plate 40, the ends ofwhich are held slidably within the grooves 15 of the longitudinal strips14.

Between the strips 14 at the forward end of the camera stand 10, and ashort distance forward of the plate 40, is located the posing apparatusfor the specimens, consisting of a sliding frame 41 upon thelongitudinal outer portion of which are tongues, 42, fitted within thegrooves 15, in the strips 14. Upon the upper surface of the frame is afixed transverse strip 43, which is located a short distance in rear ofa point equi-distant from the ends of said frame. Upon the strip 43 isfixedly mounted in a vertical position, a hollow standard or post, 44,which extends upwardly a short distance. Upon the top of the post 44 isa circular cup shaped receptacle 45, which forms the stationary part ofthe stage, the bottom 46 of the receptacle being flat and securedfixedly to the post by the screws, 47. In the bottom, 46, above theopening on post 44 is a perforation, 48.

Up on the upper annular surfaces of the cup shaped receptacle, 45, ismounted horizontally the adjustable rotary wheel or stage 50, whichwheel is provided with a hub 51 and radial spokes 52. In the hub 51 is areamed opening 53, in which is loosely fitted the head of a screw boltor post 54, the lower end of the bolt extending through the opening 48in the bottom 46 of the receptacle 45, and a short distance within thehollow post 44 and to said end of the bolt is fitted a nut 55, and inthe receptacle 46, a similar nut, 55*, so as to prevent bending of thehead of the bolt, the post 54 forming the vertical central axis of thestage, the position of the stage being a considerable distance below aline horizontal with the microscope. The adjusting devices for the wheelconsist of two brackets, 56, upon one side of the receptacle 45 throughthe upwardly extended ends of which bracket extends horizontally a rod57, upon which is a worm 58. Upon the peripheral portion of the wheel 50is a worm-gear 59. The rod 57 is provided with a milled head, 60.

Upon the upper surface of the wheel 50 is a narrow flat plate, 61,extending over the hub 51 of the wheel 50, and to the peripheralportions of the wheel, and also in the direction of the camera. ,Uponthe upper surface of the plate 61 is a flat plate 62 slightly wider thanthe plate 61, the ends of-both plates 61 and 62 being secured by thescrews 63 firmly to the peripheral portions of the wheel and by thescrew 64 to one of the spokes of said wheel.

Upon the upper surface of plate 62 and at a point equi-distant from thelongitudinal outer surfaces of said plate and in a vertical line withthe post 54, is a worm gear or rack, 65, which extends a short distanceforwardly upon the plate and from said axial line of the post 54. Uponthe plate 62, forward of the rack 65, is a base or support for theobject holding devices which consists of a strip 66, narrow in width,extending transversely to plate 62, and provided with a groove, 67, inits rear longitudinal portion. 68 indicates a supporting bar, parallelwith the strip 66, upon the lower forward surface of which is a tongue69, which extends within the groove 67, of the strip 66, thelongitudinal move ments of the bar 68 being prevented by means of a clip70 bearing upon the upper surface of the bar 68, and secured fixedly bythe screw 71, to the strip 66. surface of the bar 68 is secured fixedlya plate 72. The lower surface of the bar 68 and plate 72 is cut away at73 in a transverse direction, so as to leave an opening slightly widerthan the plate 62 (see Fig. 6), in which opening are the parallelgrooved strips, 74, which receive the longitudinal outer portions of theplate 62 and extend forwardly to the strip 66. The grooved strips 74 aresecured rigidly to-the plate 72 and are slidable upon the plate 62. Inthe plate 74 and bar 68, above the opening 73 is a transverse notch 76,which is above the worm gear 65. In the opening, 73, in the bar 68,forward of plate 72, is a worm 77, which engages with the gear on plate62. I/Vith the worm 77 is connected an operating rod 78, which extendsforwardly through an opening 7 9 in the transverse bar 66, and isprovided with a milled head, 80.

Connected rigidly at the lower ends with the ends of the bar 68, are theparallel vertical clamping bars, 81, provided with grooves, 82, upontheir inner surfaces. Between the clamping bars 81 is a smallrectangular shaped frame 83, movable in a vertical position, and securedadjustably between said bars by means of an adjusting rod, 84, whichextends through the upper ends of said bars,

Upon the rear v and is provided with a head, 85, upon one end, and screwthreaded at the other end, upon which latter end is a thumb nut 86.Connected rigidly with the frame, 83, upon the rear side of said frameis a vertical plate 87, wider than frame 83, and provided with'acircular opening, 88, which is in a horizontal line with the tube 31 ofthe microscope. With the rear surface of this plate 87, and near thelower portion, are connected the flat springs, 89, which extend upwardlyon the respective opposite sides of the opening, 88. Within the grasp ofthe springs, 89, is shown a microscopic slide, 90, containing a specimenor object 91, located opposite the opening 88 and in position verticallyfor the specimen to be seen through the microscope.

In the operation of the invention, the specimen supporting and posingdevices are adjusted by means of the adjusting rod, 78, which movestoward and away from the microscope so as to bring the vertical plate 87to a position near the center of rotation of the stage 50, and thespecimen 91, which is upon the slide 90, in a position in a directvertical line with the post 54, the line passing vertically through thespecimen and axially through the center of said post 54, upon which thestage has a rotary movement, the position of the specimen being suchthat when seen through the ground glass of the camera, the proper degreeof enlar ement may be obtained. The sensitized p ate in its frame isthen placed in position with the grooved holder at the rear end of thecamera in readiness for exposure. The worm 58 on the side of the stage50 is then operated by the adjusting rod 57 so as to partially rotatethe stage, this movement placing the position of the plate 87 upon whichthe specimen is supported and posed at an angle to the microscope and tothe line of vision through the microscope. An exposure is then given tothe sensitized plate and the plate and frame removed and anothersensitized plate and plate holder arranged in the guides 28 in the rearend of the dark chamber of the camera. The rotation of the stage 50 isnow reversed by the action of adjusting rod 57, and the position of theplate 87 changed from the angle indicated in Fig. 3 at 0, to the angleof the same degree to the microscope as indicated by the it in Fig. 3.An exposure is then made of the sensitized plate at the second angle anda view obtained from another side, as it were, of the specimen orobject, this lat ter view being obtained without lateral displacement ofthe specimen, and with the same power of enlargement. From the negativesof the specimen thus obtained,

prints are obtained in the usual manner and mounted side by side. Themicro-photographic pictures of the specimens thus obtained when viewedthrough the ordinary stereoscope, merge into one picture and display theorganic parts in relief with surpassing stereoscopic effect, the reliefaffording" approximate distances to be calculated, and the magnifiedskeleton parts of insect life brought into full view for examination andstudy.

The movement of the specimen holder toward or away from the axial pointof rotation of the stage enables a parallel adjustment to be obtained toany previous adjustment of the specimen holder, thus varying thedistance objectively from the microscope. The invention affords astereoscopic relief -or roundness of an object hitherto unobtainable andobjects viewed through the microscope, whose position must remain fixed,are obtained with stereoscopic results photographically. The specimenholder may be also adjusted laterally to any adjustment previously madeby the rod '78, in order that the specimens may be brought over thevertical axial point of rotation of the stage, this being effected by asliding movement imparted to the bar 68 held by the clip 70.

For low power magnification, I employ the modification seen in Fig. 2.In this view, the compound microscope is dispensed with, and a lens 33of the desired power em ployed, the lens being arranged within the tube33 as seen extending from the lens holder on the dark chamber 26 and thedistance increased more or less from the specimen holder to accommodatethe varying power of lens used. Large specimens mount ed upon the plate87 and properly adjusted in position from the lens, and the stagerotated to afford the proper angle, are photographed so as to affordsuperior stereo-magnification and the structural portions of speci-'mens, which hitherto have been blotches upon the negative are fullydefined and their position shown with accuracy.

I am aware that in photo-micrography stages have been connected with thecamera, to be raised and lowered for centering the object to the lens,but I am not aware that heretofore any such improvements in apparatusfor obtaining stereo-micrographical pictures as is obtained in myinvention, for the reason that whatever pivots the posing plate swingsupon in order to obtain the necessary angle for stereoscopic picturesthere must be supplemental adjustments of the plate, that will bring thecenter of the specimen to be photographed directly over and in a linewith the vertical center of said pivots, so the specimen will be heldfrom any lateral movement, while being turned around the pivot.

The stage in my invention, is the horizontal support for the specimenholder, the

vertical axis of rotation of this stage is the line passing through thecenter of the specimen, and the delicate ad ustment of he holder of thespecnnen around this centering line produces a new, novel stereoscopicmag- AlL nification with the microscope hitherto not known, the interiorstructure of the specimen being disclosed to the eye, with its full outward appearance of the body, an acquisition which enables an anatomy andanalysis of specimens to be readily accomplished.

It is obvious that micro-stereoscopic negatives may be obtained ofliquids, for which purpose the position of the apparatus may be changedfrom a horizontal to a vertical posi tion, the adjusting screws holdingthe slidable parts of the apparatus from movement. It is also obviousthat reductions of objects or specimens may be made by means of theinvention.

Such other modifications may be employed as is within the scope of theinvention.

Having fully described my invention, what I now claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In microscopic photography, the combination with a photographicapparatus and a microscope, of means for obtaining stereo scopicnegatives from objective magnifications of the object or specimensconsisting of a stage having an axis of rotation and devices supportingthe specimens movable at an angle to the microscope and from the axis ofrotation of the stage.

2. In microscopic photography the combination with a rotary supportingapparatus, of a holder for the specimens thereon, a pho tographiccamera, means between the posing apparatus and camera acting to transmitmagnifications of the specimens, and means acting to pose the holder toand from the axis of rotation of the support for the specimen holder.

3. In microscopic photography, the combination with a rotary supportingapparatus and a pivot post at the axis of rotation, a specimen holder, aphotographic camera and means between the supporting apparatus andcamera, acting to transmit magnifications of the specimens to thecamera, of means acting adjustably to pose the specimen holder near theline of the vertical axis of the pivot post and means for adjusting thespecimen holder at opposite angles horizontally to the axial line of thepivot post.

4. A posing apparatus for microscopic photography, consisting of arotary stage, means for adjusting the position of the stage rotativelyand. a sliding specimen holder mounted upon said stage movable to andfrom the axis of rotation.

5. A posing apparatus for microscopic photography, consisting of arotary stage, a pivot post therefor, means for adjusting the position ofthe stage rotatively, a vertical specimen holding frame and slidingsupports therefor on said stage and adjusting means for adjusting theposition of the specimen holder toward and away. from the vertical axisof the pivot post.

6. A posing apparatus for micrographic photography, consisting of arotary stage, a pivot post therefor, means for adjusting the position ofthe stage rotatively, a vertical specimen holding frame, slidingsupports therefor upon said stage and adjusting devices for adjustingthe position of the holder toward and away from the vertical axis of thepivot post on the stage.

7. In a photographic apparatus, a standard, a main frame supported bysaid standard, a camera upon said frame, a microscope and a suitablesupport therefor, a sliding frame upon the main frame, a post thereonand a rotary stage upon said post and a specimen holder, slidingsupports for said specimen holder and devices for adjusting the positionof the specimen holder upon said stage.

8. In a photographic apparatus, a camera, a supporting standard and aframe supported by said standard, a microscope and a posing apparatusfor the specimens and an adjustable standard for the microscope andposing apparatus adjustable on said frame and toward and away from eachother.

9. In a photographic apparatus, a camera supporting standard and a framesupported by said standard, a microscope and an upright upon the framesupporting the camera, a circular support upon said upright, a rotarywheel or stage upon said support provided with gear upon its periphery,and a worm engaging with the worm gear brackets on the said support forthe stage supporting the worm, and a specimen holder upon said stage andsliding supports for said holder, movable in the direction of thecamera.

FRANK N. v MERVVIN.

Witnesses i HARRY L. GREEN, NATHAN F. CARTER.

